<p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;">記得自己年少讀書時(shí)，學(xué)校是座舊時(shí)的孔廟。時(shí)正值文革時(shí)期，校園里石獸、石碑狼跡，或側(cè)或臥，更有殘缺者無數(shù)。經(jīng)常和好玩的幾位同學(xué)，喜歡在斜臥在不平坦地面上，上面滿是線條細(xì)長，彎曲靈動(dòng)，而我們又一字不識(shí)的幾塊巨碑上晃動(dòng)取樂。有一次好奇地見到教我們美術(shù)課的李瑛老師用清水小心仔細(xì)地一遍又一遍洗清著碑文，然后用紙覆在上面，又用棉球蘸著墨汁輕輕地挨排拍打著碑面，那一個(gè)個(gè)清晰線條的字體顯現(xiàn)出來。那些字雖然一個(gè)也不認(rèn)識(shí)，但很優(yōu)美漂亮。當(dāng)時(shí)李瑛說了許多，也不記得了，首次曉得那是篆書。這也是我生平第一次見到的搨碑。</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;">好多年后，我才知道那是唐代大書家，李白的族叔，唐代大書法家李陽冰大名鼎鼎的《謙卦碑》。又過了好多年，一次我在帝都前門大街的中國書店里閑逛，居然看到《謙卦碑》搨帖影印本，當(dāng)然它不一定是當(dāng)年李瑛老師所搨。還是念著讀書時(shí)與它的舊情，于是買了一本，放家里也有好年了。這些天，疫情鬧著，宅在家里閑著，又將它翻出來。想起過去的往事，想到那位曾是徐悲鴻學(xué)生，孑然一身，孤獨(dú)終老的李瑛老師，己經(jīng)做了古人。不覺有幾絲傷感，想到自己退休后無事學(xué)習(xí)書法，為何偏愛篆書？可能與《謙卦碑》有點(diǎn)關(guān)聯(lián)……</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;">于是開始臨習(xí)，算是自己對(duì)年少的無知懺悔，為曾站在碑體上晃悠取樂的那段年往事的贖罪。也算是給天堂里的李瑛老師補(bǔ)交一份作業(yè)，也許會(huì)給他在天孤獨(dú)的靈魂送去一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)慰籍……</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;"><br></p> <h3>曾經(jīng)校園僅存的大成殿</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">謙卦，地山謙卦，原文</span></h3><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《謙》：亨。君子有終。</span></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《彖》曰：謙，亨。天道下濟(jì)而光明，地道卑而上行。天道虧盈而益謙，地道變盈而流謙，鬼神害盈而福謙，人道惡盈而好謙。謙，尊而光，卑而不可逾，君子之終也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：地中有山，謙。君子以裒多益寡，稱物平施。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">初六，謙謙君子，用涉大川，吉。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“謙謙君子”，卑以自牧也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六二，鳴謙，貞吉。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“鳴謙貞吉”，中心得也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">九三，勞謙君子，有終，吉。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“勞謙君子”，萬民服也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六四，無不利，撝謙。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“無不利，撝謙”，不違則也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六五，不富以其鄰，利用侵伐，無不利。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“利用侵伐”，征不服也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">上六，鳴謙，利用行師征邑國。</span></h3><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“鳴謙”，志未得也?！翱捎眯袔煛保饕貒?。 </span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《謙》亨：君子有終。</span>《彖》曰：謙，亨。天</h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">道下濟(jì)而光明，地道卑而上行。</span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">天道虧盈而益謙，地道變盈而</span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">流謙，鬼神害盈而福謙，</span></h3> <h3>人道惡盈而好謙。謙，尊而光，卑</h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">而不可逾，君子之終也。</span></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：地</h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">中有山，謙。君子以裒多益寡，稱</span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">物平施。</span></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">初六，謙謙君子，用涉大</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">川，吉。</span></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“謙謙君子”，卑以自牧</h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">也。</h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"><br></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六二，鳴謙，貞吉。</h3><h3></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>《象》曰：“鳴謙貞<br></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">吉”，中心得也。</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">九三，勞謙君子，有</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">終。吉。</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“勞謙君子”，萬民服也。</span></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六四，無不利，撝謙。</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“無不利，</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">撝謙”，不違則也。</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六五，不富以其</span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">鄰，利用侵伐，無不利。<br></span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“利用</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">侵伐”，征不服也。</span></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">上六，鳴謙，利用</h3><h3></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">行師征邑國。</span></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“鳴謙”，志未得</h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">也?！翱捎眯袔煛保饕貒?。</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">唐李陽</span></h3> <h3>冰書</h3> <p class="ql-block">李陽冰（生卒年不詳），約生于唐玄宗開元年間。唐代書法家。字少溫，譙郡<span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">人。李白族叔，為李白作《草堂集序》。</span></p><p class="ql-block">初<span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">為縉云令、當(dāng)涂令，后官至國子監(jiān)丞、集賢院學(xué)士。世稱少監(jiān)。兄弟五人皆富文詞、工篆書。初師李斯《嶧山碑》，以瘦勁取勝。他善詞章，工書法，尤精小篆。自詡“斯翁之后”。他所書寫的篆書，“勁利豪爽，風(fēng)行而集，識(shí)者謂之蒼頡后身。”甚至被后人稱為“李斯之后的千古一人”。</span></p><p class="ql-block">《謙卦碑》系李陽冰為當(dāng)涂縣令期間所書并刻石，為其代表作。清代王澍《竹云題跋》稱它“運(yùn)筆如蠶吐絲，骨刀如綿裹鐵”。</p><p class="ql-block">康有為《廣藝舟雙楫》稱：“以瘦勁取勝，若《謙卦銘》益形怯薄，破壞古法極矣。”</p><p class="ql-block">余在臨習(xí)過程中，也深深感受到這一點(diǎn)。其運(yùn)筆鐵線之法可學(xué)，當(dāng)細(xì)品琢磨，借鑒之處甚多。不過他在字形變化上的“創(chuàng)新”，隨性“破壞古法”之意當(dāng)甄別，采用亦當(dāng)慎重。</p>