<p class="ql-block">黑枕黃鸝(lí) （英文名：Black-naped Oriole，學(xué)名：Oriolus chinensis），是雀形目黃鸝科黃鸝屬的鳥類。俗稱: 黃鸝、黃鶯、黃鳥、金衣公子，頭部和身體主要呈現(xiàn)鮮艷的金黃色，擁有寬闊的黑色眼紋和粉紅色的喙，兩翅及尾部為黑色。分布廣泛，從東亞至東南亞，北至俄羅斯遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)，南至印度尼西亞。在中國，自東北至華南、西南均有分布。</p><p class="ql-block">成年雄鳥全身金黃色，具寬闊黑色眼紋，翼及尾黑色，尾羽尖端黃色。雌鳥類似雄鳥，但上體羽色偏綠橄欖色。幼鳥上體黃綠色，下體具黑色縱紋，尾下覆羽黃色。喙深粉色，腿藍(lán)灰色。亞成鳥下體有縱紋。</p><p class="ql-block">鳴叫聲多變，包括響亮的笛音式‘doo-dlee-oo’、‘ku-i-oo’、‘kwia-lu’或下降的‘tu-u-liu’，以及豐富的‘tu-u-u-liu’。另有喵喵聲‘meee-aooww’和響亮愉悅的‘pee-yaaaaoouw’或‘kee-aaaoouw’。</p><p class="ql-block">與細(xì)嘴黃鸝相比，黑枕黃鸝嘴較粗，頸背的黑帶更寬，分布區(qū)域更廣。</p><p class="ql-block">棲息于多種森林環(huán)境，包括常綠林、落葉林、果園、花園等，高度可達(dá)1600米。以昆蟲、果實(shí)和漿果為食，尤其喜食無花果。飛行呈波浪狀，常單獨(dú)或成對(duì)活動(dòng)，有時(shí)加入混合物種群體。</p><p class="ql-block">繁殖期從4月至8月，巢呈吊籃狀，由雌鳥單獨(dú)建造，雄鳥可能協(xié)助收集材料。每次產(chǎn)卵2-4枚，粉紅色帶紫紅斑點(diǎn)。雌鳥負(fù)責(zé)孵卵，孵化期14天。雄雌共同育雛，雛鳥以昆蟲為食。</p><p class="ql-block">繁殖于東亞，包括中國、日本、韓國、俄羅斯遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)。冬季遷徙至印度、東南亞等地過冬。在中國廣泛分布于東部、南部及西南地區(qū)。</p><p class="ql-block">在一些地區(qū)被視為害鳥，可能在商業(yè)果園中造成損害。</p><p class="ql-block">雀形目</p><p class="ql-block">黃鸝科</p><p class="ql-block">黃鸝屬</p><p class="ql-block">PASSERIFORMES</p><p class="ql-block">Oriolidae</p><p class="ql-block">Oriolus chinensis</p><p class="ql-block">Black-naped Oriole</p><p class="ql-block">Linnaeus, 1766</p><p class="ql-block">OR, AU : widespread</p><p class="ql-block">完全遷徙</p><p class="ql-block">下降</p><p class="ql-block">3.7 年</p><p class="ql-block">Black-naped Oriole is paraphyletic with respect to Eurasian Golden Oriole O. oriolus and Indian Golden Oriole O. kundoo J?nsson et al. 2010; but see J?nsson et al. 2019.</p><p class="ql-block">森林；陸地人為生態(tài)</p><p class="ql-block">23-28 cm</p><p class="ql-block">65-100 g</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. diffusus</p><p class="ql-block">Sharpe, 1877</p><p class="ql-block">e Asia</p><p class="ql-block">Ssp. diffusus, andamanensis, and macrourus form a geneticaly divergent clade (J?nsson et al. 2019).</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. andamanensis</p><p class="ql-block">Beavan, 1867</p><p class="ql-block">Andaman Is.</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. macrourus</p><p class="ql-block">Blyth, 1846</p><p class="ql-block">Nicobar Is.</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. maculatus</p><p class="ql-block">Vieillot, 1817</p><p class="ql-block">Malay Pen., Sumatra, Bangka and Belitung (e of s Sumatra), Java, Bali and Borneo</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. mundus</p><p class="ql-block">Richmond, 1903</p><p class="ql-block">Simeulue and Nias (w of n Sumatra)</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. sipora</p><p class="ql-block">Chasen & Kloss, 1926</p><p class="ql-block">Sipura (=Sipora, Mentawai Is., w of c Sumatra)</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. richmondi</p><p class="ql-block">Oberholser, 1912</p><p class="ql-block">Siberut and Pagai (Mentawai Is., w of c Sumatra)</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. lamprochryseus</p><p class="ql-block">Oberholser, 1917</p><p class="ql-block">Masalembu Is. (n of e Java)</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. insularis</p><p class="ql-block">Vorderman, 1893</p><p class="ql-block">Sapudi and Raas (n of e Java) and Kangean Is. (n of Bali)</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. melanisticus</p><p class="ql-block">Meyer, AB & Wiglesworth, 1894</p><p class="ql-block">Talaud Is. (ne of Sulawesi)</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. sangirensis</p><p class="ql-block">Meyer, AB & Wiglesworth, 1898</p><p class="ql-block">n Sangihe Is. (n of Sulawesi)</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. formosus</p><p class="ql-block">Cabanis, 1872</p><p class="ql-block">Siau, Tahulandang, Ruang and Biaro (s Sangihe Is., n of Sulawesi) and Mayu (e of ne Sulawesi)</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. celebensis</p><p class="ql-block">Walden, 1872</p><p class="ql-block">Sulawesi and satellites including Togian Is. (between ne and ec Sulawesi)</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. frontalis</p><p class="ql-block">Wallace, 1863</p><p class="ql-block">Sula Is. (e of Sulawesi)</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. stresemanni</p><p class="ql-block">Neumann, 1939</p><p class="ql-block">Peleng (Banggai Is., e of Sulawesi)</p><p class="ql-block">Add (Walther & Jones 2008).</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. boneratensis</p><p class="ql-block">Meyer, AB & Wiglesworth, 1896</p><p class="ql-block">Flores Sea is. s of Sulawesi</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. broderipi</p><p class="ql-block">Bonaparte, 1850</p><p class="ql-block">Lombok to Alor (w to ec Lesser Sundas)</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. chinensis</p><p class="ql-block">Linnaeus, 1766</p><p class="ql-block">Luzon group and Mindoro and Palawan group (n, sw Philippines)</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. yamamurae</p><p class="ql-block">Kuroda, Nm, 1927</p><p class="ql-block">Visayas, Mindanao and Basilan (c, s Philippines)</p><p class="ql-block">Add (Walther & Jones 2008).</p><p class="ql-block">O. c. suluensis</p><p class="ql-block">Sharpe, 1877</p><p class="ql-block">Sulu Arch. (s Philippines)</p><p class="ql-block">黑枕黃鸝</p><p class="ql-block">黃鸝</p><p class="ql-block">黑枕黃鸝</p><p class="ql-block">Black-naped Oriole</p><p class="ql-block">Oriolus chinensis</p>