<h3>今天，人類失去了一位偉大的科學(xué)家。</h3><div><br></div><div>英國物理學(xué)家史蒂芬·霍金（Stephen Hawking）于3月14日去世，享年76歲。</div><div><br></div><div>《衛(wèi)報》寫道：</div><div><br></div><div>Stephen Hawking, the brightest star in the firmament of science, whose insights shaped modern cosmology and inspired global audiences in the millions, has died aged 76.</div><div>76歲的史蒂芬·霍金去世，科學(xué)蒼穹上一顆最閃耀的明星隕落了。他的研究和洞見塑造了現(xiàn)代宇宙論，也啟迪了世界無數(shù)讀者。</div> <h3>的家中去世的。</h3><div><br></div><div>霍金的子女在聲明中說：</div><div><br></div><div>We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today.</div><div>今天，親愛的父親去世了，我們感到萬分悲痛。</div><div><br></div><div>He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live on for many years. His courage and persistence with his brilliance and humour inspired people across the world.</div><div>他是一個偉大的科學(xué)家，也是一個杰出的人。他的研究和遺產(chǎn)將影響后世。他的勇氣和毅力，以及他出眾的才華和幽默感影響了世界各地的人們。</div><div><br></div><div>He once said: "It would not be much of a universe if it wasn’t home to the people you love." We will miss him for ever.</div><div>他曾說：“如果宇宙不是你所愛的人的家，那宇宙就沒有什么意義了?！蔽覀儠肋h想念他。</div> <h3>奉獻給物理的一生</h3> <h3>霍金出生于1942年1月8日，那天正是伽利略300年忌日。</h3><div><br></div><div>而他去世的3月14日，又恰巧是愛因斯坦的生日。</div> <h3>少年霍金</h3><div><br></div><div>也許這就是霍金與物理的緣分。</div><div><br></div><div>霍金將其一生獻給對物理的思考和宇宙之謎的探索，他曾說過：</div><div><br></div><div>My goal is simple. It is a complete understanding of the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all.</div><div>我的目標很簡單，就是把整個宇宙整明白。它為何存在，它為何如此。</div><div><br></div><div>霍金已去，但是他的成就將同永恒的時間一樣，永留簡史。</div><div><br></div><div>霍金的代表作有《時間簡史》（A Brief History of Time）、《果殼里的宇宙》（The Universe in a Nutshell）和《大設(shè)計》（The Grand Design）。</div> <h3>He skyrocketed to the public prominence in 1988, when he published his first general-audience book, A Brief Hisotoy of Time.</h3><div>在他1988年出版第一部面向大眾的書籍《時間簡史》之后，一夜之間成為萬眾矚目的焦點人物。</div> <h3>Stephen Hawking, Art by @jgil_illustrations (Instagram)</h3><div><br></div><div>《果殼的宇宙》的書名則源自于莎士比亞《哈姆雷特》臺詞：</div><div><br></div><div>I could be bounded in a nutshell and count myself a king of infinite space.</div><div>即使被囚禁在果殼之中，我仍然自以為是無限空間之王。</div><div><br></div><div>他的代表學(xué)說有黑洞理論、奇性定理、量子宇宙論、宇宙膨脹說等等。</div><div><br></div><div>With fellow physicist Roger Penrose, Hawking merged Einstein's theory of relativity with quantum theory to suggest that space and time would begin with the Big Bang and end in black holes. </div><div>霍金和物理學(xué)家羅杰·彭羅斯一起，將愛因斯坦的相對論與量子論結(jié)合，指出宇宙和時間的產(chǎn)生是由于宇宙大爆炸，而一切將終結(jié)于黑洞。</div><div><br></div><div>Hawking also discovered that black holes are not completely black but emit radiation and will likely eventually evaporate and disappear.</div><div>他還發(fā)現(xiàn)黑洞并不完全是黑的，而是在釋放著輻射，并且最終將消失。</div> <h3>Hawking was not, perhaps, the greatest physicist of his time, but in cosmology he was a towering figure. </h3><div>也許霍金不是他那個時代最偉大的物理學(xué)家，但在宇宙學(xué)方面，它是當之無愧的巨人。</div><div><br></div><div>cosmology [kɑz'mɑl?d?i]：宇宙學(xué)</div><div><br></div><div>55年前，醫(yī)生說他最多活兩年</div> <h3>1963年，21歲的霍金被確診為患有罕見的肌萎縮性脊髓側(cè)索硬化癥（ALS），也被稱為運動神經(jīng)元病或魯蓋瑞氏癥，俗稱“漸凍人癥”。</h3><div><br></div><div>Hawking suffered from ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), a neurodegenerative disease commonly known as Lou Gehrig's Disease, which is usually fatal within a few years. </div><div>霍金患有ALS（肌萎縮性脊髓側(cè)索硬化癥），一種神經(jīng)退化性疾病，也稱魯蓋瑞氏癥，這種疾病通常在幾年內(nèi)即可致命。</div> <h3>霍金與結(jié)發(fā)30年的第一任妻子Jane Wilde</h3><div><br></div><div>漸凍人癥主要是運動神經(jīng)元受到損傷，導(dǎo)致四肢、軀干、胸腹部的肌肉逐漸無力乃至萎縮，致使全身癱瘓：</div><div><br></div><div>The disease left Hawking wheelchair-bound and paralyzed. He was able to move only a few fingers on one hand and was completely dependent on others or on technology for virtually everything -- bathing, dressing, eating, even speech.</div><div>這種病使得霍金癱瘓在輪椅上。他全身能動的部位只有一只手的幾根手指，幾乎所有的事情——洗澡、穿衣、吃飯，甚至說話——他都要完全依賴他人，或工具的幫助。</div> <h3>1986年的霍金</h3><div><br></div><div>當時，醫(yī)生診斷霍金最多只能活兩年，然而霍金卻奇跡般地活了五十多年，而這很可能與他頑強的意志與樂觀的心態(tài)有關(guān)。他曾在網(wǎng)上寫道：</div><div><br></div><div>"I have been lucky that my condition has progressed more slowly than is often the case. But it shows that one need not lose hope."</div><div>“我很幸運，我的病情比通常情況下要惡化得慢。這表明人不需要失去希望。”</div><div><br></div><div>霍金的幽默感</div> <h3>雖然霍金全身癱瘓，不能言語，但他的人生并不因此而灰暗苦澀，相反，他經(jīng)常給人們帶來驚喜和歡笑。</h3><div><br></div><div>For fellow scientists and loved ones, it was Hawking’s intuition and wicked sense of humour that marked him out as much as the broken body and synthetic voice that came to symbolise the unbounded possibilities of the human mind.</div><div>雖然霍金殘缺的軀體和他合成的聲音已成為他的標志，展現(xiàn)著人類大腦無法被束縛的可能，但對于霍金的同行和他的至親們來說，他與生俱來的直覺和黑色幽默才更是他的顯著標簽。</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>他</div> <h3>他有著一顆充滿娛樂精神的心，經(jīng)常在各種影視劇里客串……等等</h3> <h3>霍金的驚世之言</h3> <h3>霍金的智慧也體現(xiàn)在他的語錄中。</h3><div><br></div><div>關(guān)于人類聯(lián)絡(luò)外星人</div><div><br></div><div>If aliens visit us, the outcome would be much as when Columbus landed in America, which didn't turn out well for the Native Americans. </div><div>如果外星人造訪地球，結(jié)局可能和哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲大陸一樣，后者對于當時的美洲原住民來說可不是個好事。</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>關(guān)于科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)中靈感迸發(fā)、豁然開朗的瞬間</div><div>（the Eureka moment）：</div><div><br></div><div>I wouldn’t compare it to sex, but it lasts longer.</div><div>我不想把它和性愛相比，不過它的持久性更長一些。</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>關(guān)于殘疾</div><div><br></div><div>If you are disabled, it is probably not your fault, but it is no good blaming the world or expecting it to take pity on you. One has to have a positive attitude and must make the best of the situation that one finds oneself in; if one is physically disabled, one cannot afford to be psychologically disabled as well.</div><div>如果你患有殘疾，這也許不是你的錯，但抱怨社會，或指望他人的憐憫，毫無益處。一個人要有積極的態(tài)度，要最大限度地利用現(xiàn)狀。生理上有殘疾的人，可不能再讓自己在心理上也殘疾了。</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>關(guān)于命運和個人的意志</div><div><br></div><div>I have noticed that even people who claim everything is predetermined and that we can do nothing to change it, look before they cross the road.</div><div>我發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然有的人認為凡事天注定，我們做什么都改變不了，但他們在過馬路的時候，還是會注意看車。</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>還有霍金對自己孩子說過的話，從這寥寥數(shù)語中，你能看到這位科學(xué)家的情懷。</div><div><br></div><div>霍金給自己孩子的建議</div><div><br></div><div>One, remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet.</div><div>一、記住要抬頭仰望星星，不要低頭看著自己的腳。</div><div><br></div><div>Two, never give up work. Work gives you meaning and purpose and life is empty without it.</div><div>二、絕不要放棄工作。工作給了你意義和目標。沒有工作的人生是空洞的。</div><div><br></div><div>Three, if you are lucky enough to find love, remember it is there and don't throw it away.</div><div>三、如果你有幸能找到愛情，記住它一直都在，不要隨便將它拋棄。</div>