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| <h3><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微軟雅黑; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 2px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; widows: 1;">很多家長(zhǎng)都想要查微量元素，認(rèn)為孩子身高不增是微量元素缺乏所致，甚至一些已經(jīng)10多歲的孩子，仍要求查微量元素。那么，身高不長(zhǎng)真的是微量元素缺乏嗎？導(dǎo)致孩子身材矮小的原因有哪些呢？</span><br></h3> <section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微軟雅黑; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; font-size: 50px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">0</section><section title="" class="" data-original-title="" style="max-width: 100%; z-index: 999; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1</section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-top: -6px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">遺傳因素</strong></span></section></section><section style="margin-top: -30px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微軟雅黑; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background: rgb(254, 254, 254); box-shadow: rgb(222, 222, 222) 0px 0px 5px; transform: rotate(0deg); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-autoskip="1" style="padding: 1em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(63, 62, 63); line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px; widows: 1; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;">小兒生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的特征、潛力、趨向等都受到父母雙方因素的影響。身高屬于多基因遺傳，父母及家族中身材矮小的人越多，孩子身高不夠標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的可能性越大。另外，青春期延遲癥即體質(zhì)性生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育延遲（即所謂晚長(zhǎng)的孩子），這類(lèi)孩子的青春期發(fā)育較一般兒童晚2－3年，因此身高的增長(zhǎng)也晚。</span></h3></section></section> <section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微軟雅黑; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; font-size: 50px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">0</section><section title="" class="" data-original-title="" data-num="2" style="max-width: 100%; z-index: 999; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-top: -6px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">營(yíng)養(yǎng)因素</span></section></section><section style="margin-top: -30px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 微軟雅黑; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background: rgb(254, 254, 254); box-shadow: rgb(222, 222, 222) 0px 0px 5px; transform: rotate(0deg); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-autoskip="1" style="padding: 1em; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="color: rgb(63, 62, 63); max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1、攝入不足</strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;">：因食物中蛋白質(zhì)和能量長(zhǎng)期攝入不足不能滿(mǎn)足機(jī)體生理需要和生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育所致。如母乳不足未及時(shí)添加配方奶粉；奶粉配制過(guò)稀或過(guò)稠；長(zhǎng)期以淀粉類(lèi)食物為主（如米粥、米糊、奶糕等）；母乳喂養(yǎng)時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)未及時(shí)添加輔食或驟然斷奶等。兒童及年長(zhǎng)兒多為不良飲食習(xí)慣所致，如長(zhǎng)期偏食、挑食、吃零食及水果較多而影響正餐，飲食過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單等。</span></span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#ed2308">2、消化吸收不良：</font></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); max-width: 100%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;">由于消化系統(tǒng)功能異常引起，如遷延性腹瀉、過(guò)敏性腸炎、腸道吸收不良綜合征等食物消化吸收障礙所致。</span></span></h3><p style="color: rgb(63, 62, 63); max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#ed2308" style="letter-spacing: 2px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; widows: 1; font-size: 16px;">3、消耗增加</font><font color="#333333" style="letter-spacing: 2px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; widows: 1; font-size: 16px;">：長(zhǎng)期發(fā)熱、各種急慢性傳染病等均導(dǎo)致分解代謝增加、食物攝入減少及代謝障礙。</font><br></h3></section></section> <h3><br></h3><h3>3</h3><h3>疾病因素</h3><h3><font color="#ed2308">1、先天性甲狀腺激素缺乏癥</font>：即“呆小癥”，兒童期出現(xiàn)典型表現(xiàn)，如特殊面容：頭大，干燥，發(fā)稀少，浮腫，眼距寬，舌體寬而厚、常伸出口外等。此外還表現(xiàn)為呆滯、反應(yīng)遲鈍，心律慢或心臟大，腹脹、便秘等。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><font color="#ed2308">2、生長(zhǎng)激素缺乏癥</font>：即“侏儒癥”，患該疾病的患兒智力多正常，出生身高正常，2-3歲生長(zhǎng)減慢，學(xué)齡期年增長(zhǎng)不足5厘米，娃娃臉，骨齡延遲，外生殖器發(fā)育小。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><font color="#ed2308">3、染色體疾病</font>：如特納綜合征（Turnersyndrome），也稱(chēng)為先天性卵巢發(fā)育不全癥，發(fā)病率為1∶2500-3500，是引起女性?xún)和宓某Ｒ?jiàn)原因。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><font color="#ed2308">4、骨骼系統(tǒng)疾病</font>：如軟骨發(fā)育不全、先天性成骨不全癥、大骨節(jié)病等均可導(dǎo)致身材矮小。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><font color="#ed2308">5、小于胎齡兒/宮內(nèi)發(fā)育遲緩</font>：由于其孕母有慢性疾病史，服藥史，宮內(nèi)缺氧、宮內(nèi)感染等，導(dǎo)致患兒出生體重或身長(zhǎng)低于同胎齡、同性別最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。出生后半年內(nèi)未能實(shí)現(xiàn)有效追趕，成年身高也低。</h3><h3><font color="#ed2308"><br></font></h3><h3><font color="#ed2308">6、特發(fā)性矮?。↖SS）</font>：排除骨代謝病、營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良、內(nèi)分泌疾病等不明原因的矮小，60%-80%的矮小癥屬于此類(lèi)。</h3><h3><font color="#ed2308"><br></font></h3><h3><font color="#010101">7</font><font color="#010101">、</font><font color="#ed2308">真性性早熟 </font><font color="#010101">: </font><font color="#010101">真性性早熟開(kāi)始身高增長(zhǎng)加</font><font color="#010101">速、身材</font><font color="#010101">較高，最終可因骨齡提前閉合，導(dǎo)致成年后身材矮小。</font></h3> <h3><br></h3><h3>4</h3><h3>睡眠因素</h3><h3>良好的睡眠休息，是保證孩子長(zhǎng)高的另一個(gè)重要因素。兒童在睡眠狀態(tài)下生長(zhǎng)激素分泌增多，熟睡時(shí)的生長(zhǎng)速度是清醒狀態(tài)下的3倍。睡眠時(shí)間及質(zhì)量均影響兒童的身高增長(zhǎng)，這與其影響生長(zhǎng)激素的分泌有關(guān)。另外住房周?chē)h(huán)境嘈雜、父母經(jīng)常熬夜或上夜班、無(wú)單獨(dú)的臥室、打鼾等均影響兒童睡眠質(zhì)量進(jìn)而影響兒童身高。其他如影響睡眠的疾病如兒童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征、扁桃體肥大、腺樣體腫大等因影響患兒睡眠質(zhì)量，也間接影響兒童身高增長(zhǎng)。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>因此，家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該幫助孩子合理安排睡眠時(shí)間，培養(yǎng)兒童養(yǎng)成良好的睡眠習(xí)慣，并積極治療可能引起兒童睡眠障礙的相關(guān)疾病，保證孩子有一個(gè)良好的睡眠。</h3> <section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微軟雅黑; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; font-size: 50px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">0</section><section title="" class="" data-original-title="" data-num="5" style="max-width: 100%; z-index: 999; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5</section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-top: -6px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">運(yùn)動(dòng)因素</span></strong></section></section><section style="margin-top: -30px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 微軟雅黑; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background: rgb(254, 254, 254); box-shadow: rgb(222, 222, 222) 0px 0px 5px; transform: rotate(0deg); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-autoskip="1" style="padding: 1em; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="color: rgb(63, 62, 63); max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px; widows: 1; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;">適量的運(yùn)動(dòng)是促進(jìn)身高的增長(zhǎng)另外一個(gè)重要因素。運(yùn)動(dòng)可刺激垂體分泌生長(zhǎng)激素，跑跳等對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)有適宜刺激的運(yùn)動(dòng)可增加腿部長(zhǎng)骨的血流供應(yīng)，使骨骺?jī)?nèi)軟骨細(xì)胞得到充足的營(yíng)養(yǎng)供應(yīng)而促進(jìn)其增殖，從而促進(jìn)身高增長(zhǎng)。另外，身體充分運(yùn)動(dòng)后還能增進(jìn)食欲，對(duì)孩子增高有幫助。</span></h3><p style="color: rgb(63, 62, 63); max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px; widows: 1; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); max-width: 100%; line-height: 22.4px; font-stretch: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important;">有助于長(zhǎng)高的運(yùn)動(dòng)有慢跑、跳繩、跳舞、打籃球、打排球、游泳等。因?yàn)楣趋赖陌l(fā)育需要一定縱向的壓力，而過(guò)強(qiáng)的壓力，如</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 22.4px; font-stretch: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><font color="#010101">舉重等會(huì)阻礙骨骼的縱向生長(zhǎng)，孩子要盡量避免。</font></span></span></h3></section></section> <section style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微軟雅黑; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; font-size: 50px; font-weight: bold; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">0</section><section title="" class="" data-original-title="" data-num="7" style="max-width: 100%; z-index: 999; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6</section><section class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-top: -6px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">心理因素</span></strong></section></section><section style="margin-top: -30px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微軟雅黑; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background: rgb(254, 254, 254); box-shadow: rgb(222, 222, 222) 0px 0px 5px; transform: rotate(0deg); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-autoskip="1" style="padding: 1em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(63, 62, 63); line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.4px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px; widows: 1; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;">嚴(yán)重的心理創(chuàng)傷或長(zhǎng)期的焦慮、抑郁情緒均可影響兒童的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育。另外，青春期的青少年為保持苗條的身材，采取極端措施避免肥胖，如不適當(dāng)?shù)目刂骑嬍?、不良的飲食?xí)慣等現(xiàn)象也較多。</span></h3></section></section> <h3>溫馨提示</h3><h3>當(dāng)然，如鐵、鋅等微量元素的嚴(yán)重缺乏也會(huì)影響兒童的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育，但兒童身高受遺傳等因素的影響很大，另外個(gè)體所能達(dá)到的生長(zhǎng)潛力一定程度上也取決后天環(huán)境的影響。因此，對(duì)兒童青少年來(lái)說(shuō)定期體檢，排除疾病因素，合理營(yíng)養(yǎng)、適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng)、保持優(yōu)質(zhì)的睡眠及良好的情緒狀態(tài)才能充分激發(fā)身體增高的潛力。</h3>