<h3 class="headline_bk_h3" style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; padding-top: 12px; padding-bottom: 7px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">花葶已長出20多厘米，花朵含苞待放，然而，好景不來，好花難開，花蕾逐漸萎縮。待剖開方知已染蟲害，里面已經(jīng)包著鉆心蟲。家庭養(yǎng)蘭常見這些病蟲害困擾，對此，來取如下治理方法。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">一、將蘭盆翻倒，用自來水沖洗蘭根，依附于蘆頭周圍的葉庫內(nèi)壁尤其要重洗；刮去污垢物，待用于后用300倍液托布津、多菌靈泡浸30分鐘（藥液浸沒蘆頭以上），然后再陰干上盆。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">二、建蘭病株重新上盆前，植料、蘭盆須經(jīng)高溫消毒，剪除染病葉片、枯頭、病根 ，蘭株上盆后進(jìn)行噴藥，滅除病蟲害。用荔枝蟲敵、撲虱靈、甲基托布津、多菌靈500倍液第一次噴藥，以后 每隔10天一次，連續(xù)3次。噴藥時葉底葉面均勻噴灑，假鱗莖部分尤要重施。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">三、選好放置場所。選擇蘭場最佳位置。蘭盆在上午8點(diǎn)半（夏天）以前接受陽光直射，9點(diǎn)以后轉(zhuǎn)移到陰棚內(nèi)曬“花花太陽”，12點(diǎn)后放置陰涼處。此時，其前后左右上下均要通風(fēng)，地面放水回流，增加濕度；屆時清風(fēng)徐來，涼風(fēng)習(xí)習(xí)，于蘭花生長十分有利。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">白絹病</strong></h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">多發(fā)生于梅雨季節(jié)。應(yīng)注意通風(fēng)透光，盆土排水良好予以預(yù)防，發(fā)病后可去掉帶菌盆土，撒上五氯硝基苯粉劑或石灰即可。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">炭疽病</strong></h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">終年都有，高溫多雨季節(jié)更為猖極。防治方法除改善環(huán)境條件外，發(fā)病期可先用50%甲基托布津可濕性粉劑800-1500倍液噴治，7-10天一次，然后再輔以l%等量式波爾多液，每半月1次。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">蚧殼蟲</strong></h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">在高溫多濕、空氣流動不暢的情況下，繁殖最快。用常規(guī)法防治。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">根腐病</strong></h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">線蟲寄生于蘭花根部，引起根系腐爛，地上葉片生長不良， 葉色退綠、發(fā)黃，甚至造成植株萎焉。線蟲危害造成大量傷口，還引起其他土傳病菌的侵染，導(dǎo)致植株發(fā)病，加速植株枯死。栽培基質(zhì)應(yīng)消毒，可用100度蒸汽滅菌消毒，殺死蟲卵。危害重的要立即換盆，將病株泡入藥液中20-30分鐘，撈出晾干，用新基質(zhì)從新栽種。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;"><strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">無公害防治</strong></h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">介紹一些民間流傳的無公害防治蘭花病蟲害的小驗(yàn)方：</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">一、茶麩，也稱茶枯、茶籽餅，系茶籽榨油后剩下的渣料，農(nóng)民常用來洗滌衣服。茶麩中含有皂素和糖苷，其水浸出液里堿性，對害蟲有很好的胃毒和觸殺作用。防治方法：1.將搗碎成粉狀的茶麩、沸水按1：5的比例浸泡一晝夜，用其淋澆蘭盆，同時淋澆蘭盆放置的場所及其他蘭盆，對蝸牛有較好的防治作用。2.用茶麩水噴灑蘭株，對蚜蟲和紅蜘蛛的防治效果很好，可達(dá)90%以卜。3.茶麩水還可殺滅蚯蚓。用茶麩水澆透盆土，稍過片刻，蚯蚓便會鉆出土表，揀出除之。蚯蚓對蘭花的功與過，蘭界看法不一。一種看法，認(rèn)為盆中的蚯蚓，活動時會破壞一些蘭菌的菌絲、傷及蘭根的根尖，是害蟲，必須除之。另一種看法，認(rèn)為蘭盆中的蚯蚓，可吃掉蘭盆中許多腐爛物質(zhì)及蘭花的爛根，蚯蚓的活動能起疏松土壤的作用，其糞便還可作為蘭花的肥料，功大于過，不必殺之。孰是孰非，有待蘭友們根據(jù)自己的實(shí)踐觀察，權(quán)衡利弊，加以判斷。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">二、異味蔬菜（大蔥、大蒜、韭菜、生姜、洋蔥等） 異味蔬菜均有各自的異味，其氣味能起殺蟲滅菌的作用。防治方法：1．取25g大蒜，搗碎后擠汁，稀釋在10L水中，立即噴灑蘭株，可治蚜蟲、紅蜘蛛、介殼蟲及灰霉病。將去皮大蒜壓成小塊，等距離放于蘭盆表土，幾天后蚯蚓、螞蟻絕跡。2將切碎的大蔥、水按1︰30的比例浸泡一晝夜后過濾，用其噴灑蘭株，一日噴數(shù)次，連續(xù)噴灑數(shù)天，對防治蚜蟲、軟體害蟲及防治白粉病等均有良好的效果。3．用姜1斤，加水半斤，搗爛取汁，每斤汁液加水6斤，噴灑蘭株，可防治蚜蟲。4．將韭菜汁、清水按1︰60的比例混合，用其噴灑蘭株，每日噴2次，重復(fù)噴數(shù)天，可治愈黑斑病。5．取15g切碎的洋蔥鱗莖，放入2市斤水中密封浸泡7小時后過濾，用濾液噴灑蘭株，可治紅蜘蛛、蚜蟲。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">三、煙頭：煙葉中含煙堿3%左右。煙堿對害蟲具有強(qiáng)烈的觸殺和胃毒作用。取20來個吸剩的煙頭和一份生石灰，加水?dāng)嚢杞葸^濾，再加入30份水，用其噴灑蘭株、盆土和盆底，可消滅螞蟻和其他體無蠟質(zhì)的害蟲。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">四、洗衣粉和洗滌劑：洗衣粉能溶解介殼蟲的角膜，同時形成一層泡沫裹住蟲體，使介殼蟲窒息而死。洗衣粉溶液能防治一些病蟲害。 防治方法：1．用少量溫水溶化洗衣粉，再用水稀釋至1000倍液，噴灑蘭株，可殺滅蚜蟲、粉虱、紅蜘蛛。稀釋至600倍液，三天噴一次，續(xù)噴三次，介殼蟲全部死亡。2．將豬苦膽汁、清水按1：100的比例混合，并加入少量洗衣粉，用其噴灑蘭株，可防治炭疽病和軟腐病。用洗衣粉溶液噴灑蘭株，待害蟲死后，必須用清水沖洗葉片幾次．以使蘭株正常生長。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">五、白酒：將白酒、水按1：2的比例混合，噴灑蘭株，每周噴一次，續(xù)噴三次，可殺滅介殼蟲。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">六、柑桔皮：把柑桔皮放于盆底，可防止螞蟻等害蟲進(jìn)入盆土中為害蘭花。還可將柑桔皮切成碎末，撒在盆土表面，幾天不澆水，可治蚜蟲、介殼蟲等。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">七、紅糖：將粉狀紅糖、開水按1︰100的比例混合，涼后用紅糖液噴灑蘭株，每3天噴一次，續(xù)三次，對防治霜霉病、白粉病、黑斑病、葉枯病有較好的效果。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">八、柴油：將柴油、水按1︰60的比例調(diào)成乳劑，再以100倍水稀釋后噴灑蘭株，可治介殼蟲等。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">九、草木灰：將草木灰、水按1︰50的比例浸泡兩晝夜后過濾，用濾液噴灑蘭株，既可治蚜蟲，又能增加鉀肥。</h3><p style="margin: 12px 15px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; line-height: 28px; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; white-space: normal;">十、食醋：將食醋、清水按1︰8倍的比例混合，用其均勻地噴灑蘭葉正背面，可治介殼蟲。如果介殼蟲已成蟲，可略為提高混合液的酸度，三天噴一次，續(xù)三次，就能殺滅己成蟲的介殼蟲。葉面噴灑食醋液還可消滅黑斑病、白粉病、葉斑病、黃化病等。工業(yè)用酸醋忌用。</h3>