<p>八達嶺長城，位于北京市延慶區(qū)軍都山關(guān)溝古道北口。是中國古代偉大的防御工程萬里長城的重要組成部分，是明長城的一個隘口。八達嶺長城為居庸關(guān)的重要前哨，古稱“居庸之險不在關(guān)而在八達嶺”。明長城的八達嶺段被稱作“玉關(guān)天塹”，為明代居庸關(guān)八景之一。八達嶺長城是明長城向游人開放最早的地段，八達嶺景區(qū)以八達嶺長城為主，興建了八達嶺飯店和由江澤民主席親筆題名的中國長城博物館等功能齊全的現(xiàn)代化旅游服務(wù)設(shè)施。</p><p>Badaling Great Wall is located at the north entrance of Jundushan Guangou ancient road, Yanqing District, Beijing. It is an important part of the Great Wall in ancient China and a pass of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty. Badaling Great Wall is an important outpost of Juyong Pass, which was called "the danger of Juyong is not in the pass but in Badaling". Badaling section of the great wall of Ming Dynasty is called "Yuguan natural moat", which is one of the eight sceneries of Juyongguan in Ming Dynasty. Badaling Great Wall is the first place to open to tourists in the Ming Dynasty. Badaling scenic area is dominated by Badaling Great Wall. It has built a full-featured modern tourism service facilities, such as Badaling Hotel and the Great Wall Museum of China, which was personally named by President Jiang Zemin.</p><p><br></p> <p>坎兒井是開發(fā)利用地下水的一種很古老式的水平集水建筑物，適用于山麓、沖積扇緣地帶，主要是用于截取地下潛水來進行農(nóng)田灌溉和居民用水。</p><p>坎兒井的結(jié)構(gòu)，大體上是由豎井、地下渠道、地面渠道和“澇壩”（小型蓄水池）四部分組成，吐魯番盆地北部的博格達山和西部 的喀拉烏成山，春夏時節(jié)有大量積雪和雨水流下山谷，潛入戈壁灘下。人們利用山的坡度，巧妙地創(chuàng)造了坎兒井，引地下潛流灌溉農(nóng)田。坎兒井不因炎熱、狂風(fēng)而使水分大量蒸發(fā)，因而流量穩(wěn)定，保證了自流灌溉。</p><p>Karez is a kind of very old horizontal water collection building for the development and utilization of groundwater, which is suitable for Piedmont and alluvial fan margin, mainly for intercepting groundwater for farmland irrigation and residential water.</p><p>The structure of Karez is generally composed of four parts: shaft, underground channel, surface channel and "Laoba" (small reservoir). Bogda mountain in the north of Turpan Basin and karawu mountain in the West. In spring and summer, there are a lot of snow and rainwater flowing down the valley and into the Gobi Desert. Using the slope of the mountain, people ingeniously created a Karez to lead underground undercurrent to irrigate farmland. Karez does not evaporate a lot of water due to the heat and strong wind, so the flow is stable and the self flow irrigation is ensured.</p><p><br></p> <p>很久很久以前，天和地還沒有分開，宇宙混沌一片。有個叫盤古的巨人，在這混沌之中，一直睡了一萬八千年。</p><p>有一天，盤古突然醒了。他見周圍一片漆黑，就掄起大斧頭，朝眼前的黑暗猛劈過去。只聽一聲巨響，混沌一片的東西漸漸分開了。輕而清的東西，緩緩上升，變成了天；重而濁的東西，慢慢下降，變成了地。</p><p>天和地分開以后，盤古怕它們還會合在一起，就頭頂著天，用腳使勁蹬著地。天每天升高一丈，盤古也隨著越長越高。這樣不知過多少年，天和地逐漸成形了，盤古也累得倒了下去。</p><p>盤古倒下后，他的身體發(fā)生了巨大的變化。他呼出的氣息，變成了四季的風(fēng)和飄動的云；他發(fā)出的聲音，化作了隆隆的雷聲。他的雙眼變成了太陽和月亮；他的四肢，變成了大地上的東、西、南、北四極；他的肌膚，變成了遼闊的大地，他的血液，變成了奔流不息的江河，他的汗，變成了滋潤萬物的雨露......</p><p>A long time ago, the sky and the earth were not separated, and the universe was chaotic. There is a giant named Pangu who has slept for 18000 years in this chaos.</p><p>One day, Pangu suddenly woke up. When he saw the darkness around him, he swung his axe and stormed towards the darkness in front of him. Only listen to a loud noise, chaotic things gradually separated. The light and clear things rise slowly and become the sky; the heavy and turbid things fall slowly and become the earth.</p><p>After the separation of heaven and earth, Pangu was afraid that they would be together, so he put his foot on the ground with his head on the sky. The sky rises one Zhang every day, and Pangu grows higher and higher. So I don't know how many years later, heaven and earth gradually took shape, and Pangu also fell down tired.</p><p>After Pangu fell, his body changed a lot. The breath he exhaled became the wind of the four seasons and the moving clouds; the sound he uttered became the rumbling thunder. His eyes became the sun and the moon; his limbs became the East, West, South and north poles of the earth; his skin became the vast earth, his blood became the running rivers, his sweat became the rain that moistens all things</p>