<p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">植物科學-3</b></p><p><br></p><p><b>視頻:清華英語，粉豬</b></p><p><b>音頻:清華英語，牙牙學語《懶小豬》，婷婷唱古詩(復習)</b></p> <p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">Why are plants important</b></p><p><br></p><p>Plants provide food to people and animals, regulate the water cycle, create oxygen and provide a habitat for other species. Without plants, life on Earth would not be sustainable for most species, including humans.</p><p><br></p><p>In addition to regulating the water cycle, plants also help purify the planet's water, which is important to sustain life. Plants and trees create oxygen through a process called photosynthesis[<b>?fo?to??s?nθ?s?s</b>]光合作用</p><p>A decrease減少 in plants and trees means a decrease in oxygen, which humans and other species require in order to breathe. These things aside, plants are also used for medicinal purposes. Many plants have healing properties, and one-quarter of </p><p>preion :[<b>pr??skr?p?n</b>]drugs 處方藥come from plants. Plants also store carbon, which is a fact that helps keep carbon dioxide [<b>?kɑ?b?n da???ksa?d</b>]二氧化碳out of the atmosphere.</p> <p><b style="color: rgb(1, 1, 1);">植物為動物提供棲息地</b></p> <p>植物是生命的主要形態(tài)之一，包含了如樹木、灌木、藤類、青草、蕨類，及綠藻、地衣等熟悉的生物。綠色植物大部分的能源是經(jīng)由光合作用從太陽光中得到的，溫度、濕度、光線、淡水是植物生存的基本需求。</p> <p>植物有明顯的細胞壁和細胞核，其細胞壁由葡萄糖聚合物——纖維素構成。植物具有光合作用的能力——就是說它可以借助光能及動物體內(nèi)所不具備的葉綠素，利用水、礦物質(zhì)和二氧化碳生產(chǎn)食物。釋放氧氣后，剩下葡萄糖——含有豐富能量的物質(zhì)，作為植物細胞的組成部分。</p><p><br></p><p>陸生植物和藻類所行使的光合作用幾乎是所有的生態(tài)系中能源及有機物質(zhì)的最初來源。光合作用根本地改變了早期地球大氣的組成，使得有21%的氧氣。動物和大多數(shù)其他生物是好氧的，依靠氧氣生存。植物在大多數(shù)的陸地生態(tài)系中屬于生產(chǎn)者，形成食物鏈的基本。許多動物依靠著植物作為其居所、以及氧氣和食物的提供者</p> <p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">光合作用</b></p><p><span style="color: rgb(1, 1, 1);"><span class="ql-cursor">?</span>Photosynthesis, the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.</span></p> <p>What do you do when you get hungry?</p><p>You ask mom for something to eat, don’t you?</p><p>Or you may even go to the kitchen and fix yourself something to eat.</p><p>Well, plants get hungry just like you and I do.</p><p>But since plants don’t have parents (or kitchens), they have to make their own food.</p><p>When plants make their own food, it is called photosynthesis.</p><p>Photosynthesis is a big word, isn’t it?</p><p>It means light (photo) used to make something (synthesis). Hhmmm…can you guess how plants make their food?</p><p>If you guessed the sun, you are right! Here’s how it works…</p><p><br></p><p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">Soaking up the sunshine</b></p><p>All plants have a chemical in their leaves called chlorophyll:[<b>?kl??r?f?l</b>]葉綠素</p><p>The chlorophyll is what makes the leaves of the plant green.</p><p>But that is not the only job chlorophyll has.</p><p>Its other job is to soak up the warmth and energy from the sun’s rays.射線</p><p>Sun-energy isn’t all a plant needs to make its food, though.</p><p>They also need water and air.</p><p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">Drink up!</b></p><p>While the leaves are collecting energy from the sun, they are also pulling water up from the plant’s roots.</p><p>The water, which is in the soil, travels through the roots, up the stem and into the leaves…kind of like a big straw. But that’s not all…</p><p>Water enters the roots via a plant cell called xylem.[<b>?za?l?m</b>]</p><p>木質(zhì)部(植物中將水分和礦物質(zhì)從根部向上輸送的組織);</p><p><span style="color: rgb(176, 79, 187);">One issues[</span><b style="color: rgb(176, 79, 187);">???u?z</b><span style="color: rgb(176, 79, 187);">]問題.that most land plants have is drying out.</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(176, 79, 187);">But plant are very clever and have a specialized structure called stomata which will not allow carbon dioxide pass through its protective waxy layer covering the leaf (cuticle).</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(176, 79, 187);">但是植物非常聰明，并具有稱為氣孔的特殊結構，該結構不允許二氧化碳穿過覆蓋在葉子（表皮）上的保護性蠟質(zhì)層。</span></p><p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">Take a deep breath</b></p><p>Plants have to breathe just like you and I do.</p><p>The difference between plants and people, though, are what we need to breathe.</p><p>Take a big deep breath and hold it.</p><p>You are breathing in oxygen.</p><p>Now let it out. The air you let out is carbon dioxide.</p><p>Plants do the same thing, except when they take a deep breath, they breathe in carbon dioxide and when they let it out, it is oxygen.</p><p>Now you might be thinking you’ve never seen a plant breathe before.</p><p>That is because you haven’t—not the way you and I breathe, anyway.</p><p>No, a plant takes in carbon dioxide without anyone even noticing.</p><p><br></p><p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">How plants breathe</b></p><p>You have already learned that the sun’s energy enters the leaves through the chlorophyll in the leaves.</p><p>A plant’s leaves also have hundreds of thousands of tiny holes in them called stoma.氣孔</p><p>The stoma are so small you have to have a microscope to see them, but they are big enough to breathe in the carbon dioxide a plant needs to make its food.</p><p>Plants take in carbon dioxide through their leaves at the same time they are soaking up energy from the sun and taking a drink of water.</p><p>Wow! I bet you never realized how busy or important a plant’s leaves are, did you?</p><p>Once the leaves of a plant have collected enough carbon dioxide, water and sun-energy, they are ready to make food for the entire plant.</p><p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">Dinner time!</b></p><p>When the carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun are combined, the sun turns the water and carbon dioxide into glucose (sugar).</p><p>The plant uses the glucose as food and takes hydrogen molecules :[<b>?mɑl??kjulz</b>]氫分子from the water to keep itself from getting dry and wilted.</p><p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">Sugar gives the plant energy.</b></p><p>They use this energy to make more leaves, flowers, fruit or vegetables and seeds that can grow into new plants.</p><p>The glucose (sugar)also gives the plant the energy it needs to grow taller and fuller and make the cell walls of the plant.</p><p>We know why it is important for flowers to make new leaves, flowers, fruits, vegetables and seeds, but why are the plants cell walls so important?</p><p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">On guard!</b></p><p>The cell walls of a plant have two main jobs:</p><p>Surround the actual cells of the plant.Protect the plant.</p><p>Every living thing is made up of cells and every plant cell has a<b> cell wall.</b></p><p>The cell walls of a plant are near the </p><p>surface or outside of the plant—the part we see.</p><p>Because they are so close to the outside of the plant, the cell walls of a plant:</p><p>Help keep bugs, insects and diseases from attacking a plant</p><p>Help keep the plant standing straight and </p><p>tall</p><p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">All filled up</b></p><p>When a plant combines water, carbon dioxide and sun-energy to make the glucose</p><p>(sugar) there is always something left </p><p>over.</p><p>It is called oxygen—the very same oxygen we need to breathe.</p><p>Because the plants don’t need it, they get rid of it.</p><p>When a plant gets rid of the oxygen they don’t need, it is called respiration.</p><p>A plant gets rid of oxygen through its leaves, stems and flowers, fruits or vegetables.</p><p>And when they do, we have the oxygen we need.</p><p>Thanks, plants~</p><p><br></p><p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">Photosynthesis facts for Kids</b></p><p>Photosynthesis is the most important chemical process in the world. Without it, plants and people could not exist.A plant’s leaves are vital for its survival.Most of the photosynthesis process takes place in the leaves of a plant.</p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p><br></p> <p>利用中午練車休息時間，找了一個光合作用英文版，其難度啊??估計用我此生生物所學也就勉強看懂了中文字幕，有興趣的可以看看！</p> <p>光合作用這個對于小寶寶而言，確實有點難度，雖然已經(jīng)用比較簡單的語言來解釋，但是過程中還是各種開小差，以后再滾動復習吧！</p> <p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">Types of trees 樹的分類</b></p> <p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">轉(zhuǎn)小西媽公號</b></p><p>P: Baby, look at the ground. It’s covered by leaves. What color leaves can you see?</p><p>K: I can see green, yellow…….</p><p>P: Any more colors? Look at this one. It’s brown. The leaves are falling from the trees around us. See this tree, some of the leaves on it are green, some have turned yellow. All the leaves on it will fall. But can you find different tress like these? Take a look </p><p>K: That tree (松樹)</p><p>P: Yes, it’s the pine tree. The leaves don’t fall off this tree. Based on the leaves, you have found the two main types of trees, <b>deciduous :[d??s?d?u?s](落葉性植物) and evergreen (常綠性植物)</b>. Excellent</p><p><br></p><p>In autumn each year, deciduous trees lose their leaves. Before the leaves shed落下, they turn orange, red or brown. While evergreen trees carry their leaves throughout the year. Evergreens do shed their leaves, but only a few at a time and over a long period, so there is never a noticeable change. For most evergreen trees, the leaves don't change color. Generally, they’re always green.</p> <p>感覺對于樹的名字和形狀分不清楚，還是先記住落葉型植物和長綠型植物兩種類型吧！</p> <p>樹木是木本植物的總稱，包含喬木、灌木和木質(zhì)藤本之分，樹木主要是種子植物，蕨類植物中只有樹蕨為樹木，中國約有8000種樹木。分為榕樹；楊樹；柳樹；柏樹等。</p> <p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">Parts of a tree樹的構成</b></p><p>P: Honey, Look at the trees. Do you think they’re beautiful?</p><p>K: Yes. I love this tree. The leaves are beautiful.</p><p>P: I like it too. Can you name the parts of a tree?</p><p>K: Leaves.</p><p>P: Yes. Except the leaves, there’re some other parts. Let me show you. This is the trunk. The outside of the trunk is the bark. This is the branch. On the branches, there’re little twigs (小枝). Branches, twigs and leaves together are called crown (樹冠). Where’re the roots?</p><p>B: In the ground.</p><p>P: Very good. Sometimes you can see the roots of a tree on a hill/slope (斜坡). Let’s see if we can find one here. Go to take a look. </p><p><b>這兩天練車沒時間去公園，就帶到小區(qū)樓下逛逛，認識下樹的分類和組成。</b></p> <p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">結構及功能</b></p><p><br></p><p><b>根</b></p><p>根是植物的營養(yǎng)器官，通常位于地表下面，負責吸收土壤里面的水分及溶解其中的離子，并且具有支持，貯存合成有機物質(zhì)的作用。位于地表外的氣生根（榕樹）也屬于根的一種。</p><p><br></p><p><b>干</b></p><p>樹干不是樹木的身體骨架部分，多數(shù)為木材的來源，樹木外包樹皮。樹干有年輪記錄年齡。樹干負責承拓整株植物，樹干里的木質(zhì)部負責運輸供水及營養(yǎng)以助光合作用和新陳代謝。</p><p><br></p><p><b>葉</b></p><p>葉內(nèi)含有葉綠體，是植物進行光合作用的主要場所。同時，植物的蒸騰作用是通過葉的氣孔進行的。</p> <p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">Hand craft</b></p><p>用娃的手畫一顆蘋果樹鞏固樹的組成，用顏料來誘惑她百試百靈。??</p> <p><b>游戲結束，堅持要自己清理，想玩水的心忒明顯！??</b></p> <p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">專注力訓練</b></p><p><span style="color: rgb(1, 1, 1);">做了幾個找不同，一通亂畫，我的暴脾氣，就稍稍大聲點，娃就開始掉眼淚了。</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(1, 1, 1);">??我愛媽媽。你對我大聲，你要說sorry.</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(1, 1, 1);">??sorry,i don't mean to do that.but you should say sorry for mommy,you don't listen to me.</span></p> <p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">哈佛百科</b></p><p>上周帶她去公園就是坐公交，雖然是L2，但對于今天的主題比較熟悉，整體完成還不錯。</p> <p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">閱讀時光</b></p> <p><b style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">小記</b></p><p>終于學會左右倒車入庫，已經(jīng)感受到夏天練車滿滿的惡意了。教練說每天早上都要過來練習，月底就可以考試了。希望一舉拿下????</p>