<h3><b><u>中文指讀</u></b></h3> <h3><b><u>quiz兩個(gè)</u></b></h3> <h3><u><b>復(fù)述green island</b></u></h3><h3>依舊是挑著最喜歡的部分分享，后面又把科二oil spill ，用自己的話提煉出來(lái)，石油泄露的解決方案。這本昨天只帶他讀了一遍，今天結(jié)合兩本raz關(guān)于石油的一起又加深理解下。</h3><h3>可惜手機(jī)內(nèi)存已滿，后面的部分竟然沒(méi)有保存下來(lái)。</h3> <p style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">復(fù)述litter queen</h3> <h3><b><u>牛津green island拓展</u></b></h3> <h3><br></h3><h3>介紹oil</h3><h3>Oil is a very important resource. We use oil for energy. We use it to make gas for cars. We use it to heat buildings. We even use it to make plastic things and medicines. </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Oil comes from below the ground. We use large drills to dig wells, the wells bring oil to the surface. Then we can use the oil.</h3><h3>how we get oil</h3><h3>Oil is found in many places. Some of these prices are below land, but others are below the ocean floor. </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>An <b>oil rig </b>鉆塔 is a machine that drills for oil .oil rigs drill deep into the ground. Some special oil rigs can float on the ocean. They use pipes to bring the oil to the surface. </h3><h3><ol><li>The oil <b>derrick</b> 起重機(jī) helps lift the pipes that go in the well. </li><li>Oil is often found under layers of rock. The rock keeps the oil from rising to the surface on its own.</li><li>Pipes are used to help bring oil to the surface.The pipes keep the oil from getting in the water.</li></ol></h3> <h3><b>Why oil spills are disasters？</b></h3><h3>The harmful effects of oil spills become clear when the oil gets close to and reaches the shore. Oil spills can cause tremendous damage to marine life, the environment, and the economy. </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Countless birds, fish and other animals can be killed as oil reaches the areas where they hunt and live. Beaches and wetlands can become contaminated with toxic oil, wildlife refuges 庇護(hù) that are home to rare animals can be destroyed. </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Many coastal towns rely on oyster beds, fishing and the shrimping industry for jobs. Other towns have beautiful beaches and fishing areas that attract tourists and other people for recreation. Shrimping boats put out of work失去工作 by the oil spill may help with the cleanup effort.</h3><h3>All of these important parts of the gulf coast economy can be severely damaged or even destroyed by spilled oil. The possible effect on the lives of people who live in the path of the spill is enormous. Some estimates put the damages to fishing and tourism from the deepwater horizon oil spill at more than ＄5 billion.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><b>帶來(lái)的影響</b></h3><h3>Problems with drilling underwater. </h3><h3>Problems can happen when people drill for oil. This floating oil rig caught fire. Some people were killed and others got hurt. </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>The oil rig burned and sank into the water. Oil from the well below the rig began to leak into the ocean. </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>When lots of oil leaks from a well, it makes an oil spill. Oil spills can become very large. Oil spills cause harm to people and other animals. </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>While oil floats to the shore, it covers everything. Sand rocks get covered .birds and other animals get covered. Oil makes a mess and can kill many plants and animals.</h3> <h3><b>Other sources of oil spills. </b></h3><h3>Wells are not the only cause of oil spills. Oil tankers are big ships that carry oil across oceans. If an oil tanker crashes or sinks, lots of oil can get in the water. It can take years to clean up the mess from a large oil spill. </h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Some of the world's biggest oil spills have been the result of shipwrecks. One of the most famous spills was caused by the ship Exxon Valdez in the unspoiled waters of the coast of Alaska, more than 10 million gallons of oil leaked from the ship, causing major damage to the environment. Hundreds of thousands of animals died from contact with the oil. And the efforts of the spill were felt for years afterward.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>However, the worst oil spill ever was created on purpose. In 1991, Iraqi soldiers released oil into the persian gulf 波斯灣 to try to prevent enemy soldiers from landing on their shores. Up to 520 million gallons of oil were released into the water, creating an<b> oil slick</b> 水面浮油 that covered 4000 squaremiles.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><b>Cleaning up oil spills.</b></h3><h3>Trying to clean up oil spills is difficult and expensive. Cleaning up the spill caused by the deepwater horizon explosion will cost the company that owns the well billions of dollars. There is no easy way to remove oil from the environment Once it's been spilled. Authorities used a variety of methods to deal with the damage from the spill. </h3><h3><b>Methods of cleaning up oil spills</b></h3><h3><ol><li><b>Absorption</b>: 吸收Special towels are used to absorb oil that is coating sand and other material along the shore. </li><li>Burning: when conditions are fairly calm and the oil is fairly thick. It can be set on fire. Burning removes oil from the surface, but fills the air with harmful black smoke.</li><li>Chemicals: planes flying over an oil spill drop chemicals that break the oil into tiny droplets that sink below the surface. Natural bacteria living in the ocean water that eats the droplets</li><li><b>containment</b> : 圍堵政策 <b>booms</b> or long floating tubes, are strung out to forme a barrier to prevent the oil from spreading </li><li>microbes: tiny ,microscopic oil-eating organisms are spread over the spill. They eat and digest the oil</li><li>power washing : power sprayers are used to remove oil from rocks and other objects that get coated with oil that comes ashore </li><li><b>skimming</b>:撇沫 ships with special equipment are used to skim oil collected within floating booms.</li></ol></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><b>The offshore drilling debate.</b></h3><h3>As long as the world depends on oil for energy, there will be pressure to look for new sources of oil. Many people oppose offshore drilling and the use of tanker ships to move oil across the oceans. They say the risks of oil spilling and licking are not risks worth taking. </h3><h3>Many others argue that our growing energy needs make drilling through the ocean floor necessary. Scientists know that big pockets of oil lie beneath the ocean floor in many regions of the world. Those who favor offshore drilling believe that taking proper safety precautions will minimize the risks involved. But at the deepwater horizon accident and others like it show ，we can never guarantee that large Oil spills won't happen.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3><b>How to help prevent oil spills？</b></h3><h3><ol><li>We can use less oil. If we use less oil, there will be fewer oil tankers in the oceans. Then the chance of oil spills will not be as great. </li><li>One way to save oil is to use less electricity. Electricity is often produced by burning oil. Less electricity means less oil. </li><li>Another way to cut oil needs is to use less gasoline, which is made from oil. That means driving smaller cars and staying within the speed limit.</li><li>We also can write letters to members of congress, tell them we want new laws to prevent oil spills:</li></ol></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><ul><li> Oil tankers should have double hulls. If the outer hull is damaged, the inner one will still hold the oil.</li><li> Booms, skimmers, chemicals and bacteria should be kept ready for emergencies all around the world </li><li>oil companies should be helped to find new oil fields in the United States. They should not just depend on oil shipped from abroad. </li><li>Tankers should have the most modern radar, radio and other safety systems. This will help to prevent collisions. </li><li>Experts should teach tanker crews how to handle oil spills.</li></ul></h3> <h3><u><b>Worksheet一單元</b></u></h3> <h3><b><u>打卡</u></b></h3> <h3><b><u>網(wǎng)課一節(jié)</u></b></h3>