<span style='color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(249, 247, 243); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'>如果我們打開任何一本萬年歷,只要這個萬年歷能追溯到1582年,那么我們就會發(fā)現,這一年的10月份,居然整整少了10天,10月5日至14日被人為抹去了!這10天沒有任何一個人曾經度過,當時究竟發(fā)生了什么?</span> <p style='margin: 30px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 29px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(249, 247, 243); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'>這還要從古埃及說起。古埃及人發(fā)現尼羅河每次泛濫的時間間隔大約是365天,他們便把一年定為365天。又把1年分為12個月,每月30天。年終加5天作為節(jié)慶日。這就是埃及的太陽歷,與地球圍繞太陽公轉一圈的時間只相差四分之一天。</p><p style='margin: 30px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 29px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(249, 247, 243); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'>后來,古羅馬的凱撒大帝在公元前46年,采納埃及天文學家索西琴的建議,以埃及的太陽歷為藍本,重新編制了歷法。新歷法將所有的單月設置為31天,雙月設置為30天,2月單獨設置為29天。每四年設置一個閏年,閏年的2月加1天為30天。并于公元前45年開始推行。這便是著名的儒略歷。</p> <p style='margin: 30px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 29px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(249, 247, 243); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'>當時的人們一直使用儒略歷,直到公元前27年,古羅馬的奧古斯都又一次修改了歷法。他從2月抽出1天加在自己出生的8月份,并將之定為奧古斯都月(August),同時又把10月、12月也改為31天,將9月、11月改為30天。這樣一來各月的天數與今天的公歷基本相同了。</p><p style='margin: 30px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 29px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(249, 247, 243); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'>雖然當時的歷法已經非常精確,但是閏年的設置和地球公轉周期相比,還是有偏差,大約每128年會偏差1天。這樣到了公園16世紀下半葉,偏差已經累計至10天。1582年,羅馬教皇格里高利十三世再次修改歷法。</p><p style='margin: 30px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 29px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(249, 247, 243); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'>閏年從之前的每400年100閏改為每400年97閏,即能被4整除的設閏年,而逢世紀年一定要被400整除才能算是閏年,這樣一來3300年才會產生1天的偏差。這便是今天世界上通用的歷法——格里高利歷,簡稱格里歷,也就是我們說的公歷。</p> <p style='margin: 30px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 29px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(249, 247, 243); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'>那么,這偏差的10天,該如何修正呢?格列高利十三世使用了一個簡單粗暴,但行之有效的方法,那就是直接把這十天從日歷中抹去,于是1582年的10月5日至14日,便從日歷中消失了。中華人民共和國成立后,中央人民政府通令,中國以格里歷為國家歷法,并采用公元紀年,但不廢除農歷。</p><p style='margin: 30px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 29px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(249, 247, 243); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'><a style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.y5000.com/zgls/mq/55814.html" target="_blank">萬歷皇帝為什么30年不上朝</a></p><p style='margin: 30px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 29px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(249, 247, 243); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'><a style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.y5000.com/tsfx/55810.html" target="_blank">公元1582年歷史大事件</a></p><p style='margin: 30px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 29px; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(249, 247, 243); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'><a style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.y5000.com/zgls/mq/55815.html" target="_blank">《萬歷十五年》心得感悟</a></p> <span style='text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'>準確的說儒略歷就是最早的陽歷,它是埃及天文學家索西琴尼觀測與主導下制定,并由儒略·凱撒大帝(</span><strong style='text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'>蓋烏斯·尤利烏斯·愷撒</strong><span style='text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'>)發(fā)布的新歷,將早期羅馬的歷法統(tǒng)一成了新歷!儒略歷的制定與月亮陰晴圓缺無關,純初取地球環(huán)繞太陽公轉周期為基準!</span> <span style='text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'>各位在這里肯定有一個問題,難道古羅馬時代就知道地球圍繞太陽公轉了嗎?其實當時還真有人知道,古希臘的阿里斯塔克和赫拉克里特認為太陽才是宇宙的中心,但當時日心說并沒有流傳,僅僅是以太陽的年周期運行特征制定的歷法,埃及天文學家索西琴尼并不清楚是地球繞著太陽轉還是太陽繞著地球轉!</span> <p style='margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 34px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'>儒略歷的一年為12個月,合計365天,大月31天,小月30天,一年合計366天?沒錯,羅馬人發(fā)現了這個問題,因此他們將經常二月份處決犯人的不愉快月份減掉了一天,因此儒略歷中的2月份只有29天!那又是怎么變成28天的呢?這是凱撒的繼任者奧古斯都生日在8月份,因此將2月份減掉一天,增加到了8月份,因此變成了7月31天,8月也是31天,而二月則變成了28天,每四年才會有一個29天出現!</p><p style='margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 34px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'> </p><ul style='list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">格里歷的來歷</li></ul><p style='margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 34px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'></p><p style='margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 34px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'> 儒略歷的一年長度365.25天,回歸年的長度是:1回歸年 = 365.2421990741日 = 365天5小時48分46秒,比儒略歷短了11分14秒,400年就會多出三天,時間越久與真正的地球公轉運動誤差會越來越大,終有一天會誤差到六月份的北半球就開始下雪,這不必驚訝,只要差180天即可,理論上大概是24000年,當然這會在很久以后,但16世紀時已經發(fā)現了這個問題!因此在意大利醫(yī)生兼哲學家阿洛伊修斯·里利烏斯的主持下改革儒略歷制定了新的歷法,教皇格里高實施新歷時,將儒略歷1582年10月4日星期四的次日,改為格里高歷1582年10月15日星期五!</p><p style='margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 34px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'><span style='text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'>這誤差的十天就是羅馬時代到十六世紀這1600多年的誤差累積在這十天中直接消除,格里高歷在頒布時同時除了將把1582年10月5日改為10月15日外還有一條規(guī)。,年號不能被400除盡的年(輪到閏年)(比如如1700、1800年)不再算作閏年,</span></p> <p style='margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 34px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'>這個規(guī)定糾正了春分的誤差,避免將春分提前十天導致節(jié)氣錯誤,另外將格里高歷中的年平均長度調整為365.2425日,與回歸年僅差26秒,因此格里高歷大約過3300年才會誤差一天!為什么格里歷中會有那么多規(guī)定?因為天數是整數,無法分成半天或者小半天,但回歸年的點卻是一定的,所以格里高歷中制定了這個標準來盡量消除這個誤差!</p><p style='margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 34px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'> 關于儒略年</p><p style='margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 34px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'> 很多朋友會認為儒略年就是儒略歷中的年,因為儒略年的長度就是儒略歷中年的長度,其實現代儒略年的含義并不是和儒略歷并沒有什么關系,只是一個測量時間的長度!</p> <span style='text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'>比如光年中的年時間就很關鍵,因為年的定義很多,比如恒星年,回歸年,交點年等等,算哪個呢?天文學上規(guī)定了一個儒略年即365.25天為光年中年的標準,每天為國際單位86400秒,總數為31,557,600秒!</span> <div class="content" id="content" style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;' data-cover=""><p style="margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 34px; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;">幸虧當年教皇將儒略年改成了格里高歷,假如到二十一世紀再來改的話問題就嚴重了,在大數據時代,居然要修改時間,這不是瘋了嘛,各位不妨留言下,修改時間會造成多嚴重的后果?</p></div><div class="statement" style='margin: 40px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 60px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); text-transform: none; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'></span><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">特別聲明:以上內容(如有圖片或視頻亦包括在內)為自媒體平臺“網易號”用戶上傳并發(fā)布,本平臺僅提供信息存儲服務。</p></div>