終于把上周的牧場(chǎng)參觀復(fù)習(xí)了，受Jasmine爸爸啟發(fā)，我們也用磁力片一起搭建了奶牛場(chǎng)，了解了奶牛的生活和擠奶過(guò)程。 一起搭建barn和parlor，用奶奶的蒲公英當(dāng)做奶牛的食物。 Eric變身牧場(chǎng)講解員，帶領(lǐng)我們一起了解奶牛的日常生活，關(guān)鍵詞，barn, ear tag(ID card),herbivore. 擠奶時(shí)間，一起走進(jìn)milking parlor了解擠奶過(guò)程，關(guān)鍵詞：milking parlor, 72 cows in one rotary platform, 8 minutes, 20 kg milk, milked 3 times a day. Why cows make milk，關(guān)鍵詞：mammal, give birth to a calf, udder, teat. How the cow's stomach work. 關(guān)鍵詞：cud, four stomachs, blood, milk. 問(wèn)Eric為什么紅色的血變成白色的牛奶。 牛奶加工廠，雖然參觀那天沒(méi)有講解員，Eric看到設(shè)備間的圖，自己回來(lái)就畫(huà)了一個(gè)，玩完牧場(chǎng)的游戲，就強(qiáng)烈要求我去參觀他的工廠，我負(fù)責(zé)解說(shuō)，他負(fù)責(zé)指認(rèn)，哈哈。 <div>------------------------2021.4.5 牧場(chǎng)參觀--------------------</div>今天，跟Daniel和Jasmine一起參觀華山牧場(chǎng)和加工廠，小伙伴們碰到一起很開(kāi)心，爸爸媽媽跟著導(dǎo)游漲知識(shí)，還是要跟Eric再仔細(xì)學(xué)習(xí)和回味。 涉及到的相關(guān)知識(shí)圖譜。 <div><b>小分隊(duì)合影。</b></div><div><b>1. Departure</b></div>M: Eric, today we are going to visit the dairy farm to see where is milk from.<br>E : Ok!<br>M: The farm is far away from the city, let's get on the car, take on your safety belt.<br>E : Let's go. How long it will take?<br>M: The navigator shows the distance is 160km, it takes around 2 hours. If you are tired, you can have a nap.<br>E: Can I have the navigator, mom?<br>M: Of course.<br><div><b>2. 第一站：At the dairy farm</b></div> M: Now we arrived. We need to join Daniel and Jasmine, can you help me to check where are they?<br>E : Look mom, there they are.<br>M: Say Hello to them, and let's queue up to visit, this is our guide, she will introduce everything about the farm to us, listen carefully.<br>E: Yes. I am ready.<br>M: First, we will visit the barn where cow live. What do you see?<br>E: So many cows.<br>M: Can you try to count?<br>E: Oh, there are too many cows.<br><div><br></div><div><font color="#ed2308">?<b> </b></font><b>Parts of cow</b><br></div> 華山牧場(chǎng)的牛主要是荷斯坦牛，黑白色看起來(lái)很漂亮。 <font color="#ed2308">?</font><b> Ear tags</b><br>M: Do you notice that there is a label card on each cow's ear? It is called ear tag.<br>The ear tag is just like our ID card, we can read the numbers on the tag to identify the birth year of the cow, the sequential number, which means the numbers of cows in this herd.<br>E: Wow. <font color="#ed2308">?<b> </b></font><b>Food for cows</b><br>M: Let's move on. All the cows live in the barn, let's check what do they eat?<br>E: They are eating grass.<br>M: Yes, Cow is herbivore, it has flat wide teeth. In fact, Cows eat things like alfalfa hay, straw, pellets made out of soybeans, and cottonseeds. They can eat about 100 pounds of food each day, which is as much as a miniature horse weighs!<br> <div>講解員說(shuō)奶牛的飼料都是進(jìn)口的，為了保證奶的品質(zhì)。</div><div><br></div><b><font color="#ed2308">? </font>How does a cow's stomach work?</b><div>M: When a cow eats, she tears the grass off with her tongue and teeth. She swallows her food quickly. She does not chew it well. That's right! A cow has four stomachs. Later, when a cow has finished eating, she lies quietly and chews her food again. from her stomach. It looks as if she is chewing gum. Then she swallows it again. The food is stored in the first or second of her four stomachs. She brings up bits of unchewed food-or cud. She chews her cud properly, a little at a time. <b><br></b></div> After a cow swallows all her cud, stomachs number three and four digest the food even better. Then part of the food is made into milk. The rest is nourishment for the cow.<div><br></div><div><b><font color="#ed2308">?</font> Why Cows Make Milk </b><br>Cows are mammals, just like humans. All mammals make milk to feed their babies. In order for her body to make milk, a mother cow must have just given birth to a calf. This birth tells her body that it's time to make milk, which humans can collect and process for drinking themselves. Typically, cows become pregnant with their first calf at a year and a half of age.</div> <div>每一頭奶牛每年擠奶10個(gè)月，同時(shí)還在懷孕，另外2個(gè)月是要臨近生產(chǎn)給它們營(yíng)養(yǎng)補(bǔ)給，感覺(jué)牛的一生很偉大。</div><div>Cows produce milk for about 10 months. After a 10-month period, each cow will have two months of rest. This period of time (known as “the dry period”) is important for cows to rest and prepare to give birth to another calf. While a cow is taking a two-month rest, the farmer adjusts her diet, with the help of an animal nutritionist. This adjustment ensures she has the right balance of nutrients to promote a healthy birth.<b><font color="#ed2308"><br></font></b></div><div><br></div><b><font color="#ed2308">?</font> Milk parlor</b><div>M: Milk is made and stored in the cow's udder. The udder is a bag with four teats. By milking time the udder is full. The farmer washed the cow's teats. Then he squeezed them.<br>A cow is milked twice a day-early morning and late afternoon. At this time, the herd is guided into the milking parlor, where the farmer has the chance to take a look at each cow and clean her udder. The farmer then attaches a milking machine, which is made from soft rubber or silicone suction cups. These suction cups are fitted around each teat to create a vacuum, which causes the milk to be released by gentle pulsation (without causing discomfort for the cow!). It takes about five to eight minutes for milking to be complete.<br>Milk machines are automatically removed when a cow is done milking. She can then head back into the barn to eat, drink, relax and socialize with her fellow herd-mates.<br></div> <div><font color="#333333" style="">這么多牛一起擠奶，場(chǎng)面壯觀，但它們進(jìn)場(chǎng)和出場(chǎng)都很有秩序，不發(fā)出任何聲音。不能近觀，只能遠(yuǎn)望，和奶牛遙遠(yuǎn)對(duì)視。</font></div><b><font color="#ed2308">? </font>Rotary milking machine</b><br>In a rotary parlour the cow stands on a circular raised platform, allowing the farmer to attach the milking machine from below. The platform rotates very slowly, allowing cows to enter and exit the platform at regular intervals.<br>In a rotary milking system, the cows walk onto a slowly rotating platform. The milker puts on the cups and the cows are milked while the platform revolves. When a cycle is almost complete, the cups are automatically removed and the cow backs off the platform.<br> <p class="ql-block">旋轉(zhuǎn)擠奶器，一個(gè)機(jī)器上一次可以承載72頭牛，機(jī)器旋轉(zhuǎn)一圈為8分鐘，擠奶時(shí)間為3-4分鐘，由擠奶器上的奶量流速傳感裝置感應(yīng)，當(dāng)奶量低時(shí)，擠奶器會(huì)自動(dòng)掉落。這個(gè)牧場(chǎng)里一共有15000頭泌乳牛，每天擠3次奶，每頭牛每天可以產(chǎn)奶38斤，奶牛們有序進(jìn)入和退出，擠奶工人要對(duì)乳房進(jìn)行前消毒和后消毒，一刻也不停，需要連續(xù)工作8個(gè)小時(shí)。</p> 由于不能近距離接觸奶牛，通過(guò)監(jiān)控設(shè)備查看奶牛以及小牛的生活。 <b>3. 第二站：At the milk factory</b><div>工廠幾乎全是自動(dòng)化，設(shè)備間只有少數(shù)的技術(shù)人員和質(zhì)檢人員，可惜講解人員下班了沒(méi)能聽(tīng)到講解，這次先自己看看。<b><br></b><div><b><font color="#167efb">?</font> How milk is processed<br></b></div></div> 整個(gè)牛奶從牧場(chǎng)到超市商品需要這么多工作人員共同協(xié)作完成。 <b>(1) Raw milk</b> from the cows is stored in a refrigerated tank. Every day that milk is pumped into a big refrigerated tanker and taken to the dairy.<br>A dairy is where the raw milk is processed. In a dairy there are big tanks to store the milk. There are pipes for the milk to flow through. There are machines to homogenize and pasteurize the milk, and machines to put it into bottles and cartons. <br>A dairy is a very clean place. The floors and walls are spotless. The pipes, tanks, and machines are washed inside and out every night. You never have to hold your nose in a dairy.<br><b>(2) Test: </b>When the milk is brought to the dairy, a sample is tested immediately. In the laboratory the milk is checked for freshness. It is checked for butterfat. Butterfat is the cream that rises to the top of the milk if it is left to stand.<br> <div>自助的結(jié)果就是看墻面的海報(bào)來(lái)了解。</div><b>(3)</b> <b>Homogenization:</b> If the milk passes inspection, the processing begins. Most of the milk is homogenized in a machine. Homogenized means' made the same all the way through.' The butterfat is broken up into tiny bits. It is mixed into the rest of the milk. The butterfat no longer rises to the top of the milk as cream.<div>Homogenized whole milk is rich and creamy. Some people think it is too creamy. They can drink milk processed in other ways. Skimmed milk has all the cream taken out. The cream is packaged separately. Other milks have only some of the cream taken out.<br><br></div> <b>(4) Pasteurization: </b>After it has been homogenized, the milk is pasteurized to kill any bad germs. The milk is heated quickly until it almost boils. Then it is quickly cooled again. Pasteurization was invented by Louis Pasteur. <div>看著復(fù)雜的各種設(shè)備，能找到的只有均質(zhì)機(jī)器和巴氏滅菌部分。<b><br></b></div><b>(5) Subpackage: </b>After milk has been processed, it is poured into bottles and cartons. <div>唯一有5個(gè)以上工人的車間就是分裝部分了，純奶和酸奶在這里包裝出廠。</div><b>Dairy products: </b>milk and any of the foods made from milk, including butter, cheese, ice cream, yogurt, and condensed and dried milk.