<p class="ql-block">主要汽車制造商正在尋求未來幾年擴大電動車的生產(chǎn)和銷售。他們也在探尋新的方法回收電池以降低成本和保護環(huán)境。</p><p class="ql-block">Major carmakers are looking to expand the production and sales of electric vehicles in the coming years. They are also seeking new ways to reuse batteries to cut costs and protect the environment.</p> <p class="ql-block">大多數(shù)電動車使用鋰離子電池。生產(chǎn)商承諾他們的材料是可重復(fù)使用的。但是現(xiàn)在的循環(huán)過程難度大成本高。</p><p class="ql-block">Lithium-ion batteries are used to power most EVs . Manufacturers guarantee their materials are reused.Current recycling processes are difficult and costly.</p> <p class="ql-block">鋰離子電池必須的材料有鋰、鈷、鎳、石墨和錳。比較好的循環(huán)利用方法有助于解決利用率低和成本高的問題。Among the necessary materials used to make lithium-ion batteries are lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite and manganese. Better recycling methods could help solve problems related to the limited availability and rising cost of these materials. </p> <p class="ql-block">大多數(shù)正在開發(fā)的循環(huán)利用的方法是把電池粉碎成小塊兒。然而，不同的方法用來分離金屬元素。目標(biāo)是盡可能多的重復(fù)使用原料。</p><p class="ql-block">Most recycling methods under development involve breaking the batteries down into smaller pieces. Then, different processes are used to separate the metallic elements. The goal is to reuse as much material as possible.</p> <p class="ql-block">國際能源組織發(fā)布了一個關(guān)于2029年電動車市場的報告。它指出，在多數(shù)情況下，衰竭的電動車電池的主要材料可以重新使用。</p><p class="ql-block">The international energy agency (IEA) released a report about the development of the EV market in 2020. The IEA noted that in most cases, the main elements of end-of-life EV battery systems can be repurposed, or used in a new way.</p> <p class="ql-block">另外，國際能源組織說，70-80%容量的電池可以重復(fù)用于“要求較低的固定存儲?！?這可以導(dǎo)致把舊的電動車電池應(yīng)用于電網(wǎng)儲電。報告建議回收電池也可以用于風(fēng)電和光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)。</p><p class="ql-block">In addition, the IEA said used batteries that still hold between 70 to 80 percent of their power capacity could be reused for “l(fā)ess demanding stationary storage.” This could induce using old EV batteries to store power for a main electricity system, known as a grid. The report suggests recycled batteries also could be linked with systems producing electricity from wind or the sun.</p> <p class="ql-block">英格蘭研究人員進行了可以完全重復(fù)使用主要電池部件例如陽極和陰極的試驗。</p><p class="ql-block">British researchers have experimented with methods that could fully recycle main electric battery parts such as cathode and anode.</p> <p class="ql-block">一種不需要粉碎的方法使用超聲波回收重要的元素。另一些研究人員研究了一種被稱為濕法冶金的工藝。它用水和化學(xué)物質(zhì)從舊電池中去除鋰和其它元素用于新電池。</p><p class="ql-block">One method uses ultrasonic waves to recycle these important elements without having to break them apart. Other researchers have studied a process called hydrometallurge. It uses liquids and chemicals to remove lithium and other elements from used batteries for use in new ones. </p> <p class="ql-block">位于內(nèi)華達州的紅木材料公司是一家致力于使電動車電池回收能夠盈利的公司。這家公司始建于2019年，創(chuàng)始人是施特魯貝爾，他曾經(jīng)和馬斯克一起創(chuàng)建特斯拉。</p><p class="ql-block">One of the main American businesses aiming to make EV battery recycling profitable is Nevada-based redwood materials. The company was started in 2019 by J.B. Straubel. He helped launch American carmaker Tesla along with its chief ElonMusk .</p> <p class="ql-block">這家公司尋求回收最普通的電動車電池材料。這家公司的工藝包括濕法冶金和火法冶金?；鸱ㄒ苯鹩酶邷胤蛛x金屬。</p><p class="ql-block">red seeks to recycle the most common EV battery materials. The company’s methods include hydro metallurgy and pyrometallurge, which uses high heat to separate the metals. </p> <p class="ql-block">這家公司已經(jīng)獲得美國汽車企業(yè)福特公司和日本電子企業(yè)松下公司的供應(yīng)合同。松下為特斯拉供應(yīng)電池。福特去年九月宣布向紅木公司投資五千萬美元。</p><p class="ql-block">The company already holds supply contracts with American carmaker Ford and Japanese electronics manufacturers Panasonic, which produces batteries for Tesla. Ford announced last September it was investing $ 50 million in Redwood.</p> <p class="ql-block">施特魯貝爾告訴美聯(lián)社，它的公司現(xiàn)在還沒有盈利，因為還要向操作系統(tǒng)和技術(shù)密集投資。但是他強調(diào)，紅木的回收工藝目前是可以盈利的。“這些材料有巨大的需求。”施特魯貝爾說。Straubel told the Associated Press that his company is not yet profitable because it is still heavily investing in operations and technology. But he noted that the recycling processes Redwood uses are currently profitable. “ There’s really quite a hunger for these materials,” Straubel said. </p> <p class="ql-block">他強調(diào)，用于電動車電池的金屬可以多次有效的重復(fù)使用。“我們沒有看到這些金屬有任何退化。實際上它隨著循環(huán)生產(chǎn)和精煉更純潔?！?lt;/p><p class="ql-block">He added that the metals used in EV batteries can be effectively recycled many times. “We don’t see any degradation in the performance of those metals. They actually tend to get more pure as we go through additional cycles of manufacturing and refining,” he said. </p> <p class="ql-block">另一家公司，加拿大的鋰循環(huán)，利用濕法冶金方法。最近幾年開設(shè)了多個新的加工中心，而且準(zhǔn)備開設(shè)更多的工廠。鋰循環(huán)在它的最新中心的網(wǎng)站說，將具備每年循環(huán)使用一萬噸鋰離子電池的能力。</p><p class="ql-block">Another company, Canada’s Li-Cycle, uses hydro metallurgical methods. It has opend several new processing centers in recent years and has plans to launch more. Li-Cycle says on its website its newest centers will have the capacity to recycle up to 10,000 tons of lithium-ion batteries per year. </p> <p class="ql-block">美國的錳公司是另一家使用濕法冶金工藝的加拿大公司。它聲稱，他的工藝可以從電動車電池回收99%的鋰、鈷、鎳和錳。這家公司今年準(zhǔn)備在溫哥華開設(shè)一家示范工廠，每天加工500公斤左右的廢舊的鋰離子電池。</p><p class="ql-block">American Manganese is another Canadian company using hydro metallurgical recycling methods. It claims its processes can remove and recycle up to 99 percent of lithium, cobalt, nickel and manganese from used EV batteries. The company plans to open a demonstration plant in Vancouver this year that aims to process about 500 kilograms of lithium-ion battery waste every day.</p>