<p class="ql-block ql-indent-1">亞城77級(jí)詩(shī)歌文學(xué)社系列講座之九</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">主講人：安延明</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">?時(shí)間：</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">?2026年2月14日周六下午12:30-3:00</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">地點(diǎn)：</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">?Northeast/Spruill Oaks Library</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">9560 Spruill Road, Johns Creek, GA30022</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">?</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">導(dǎo)師簡(jiǎn)介：</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">安教授在復(fù)旦大學(xué)獲哲學(xué)學(xué)士和碩士學(xué)位；又在密西根大學(xué)獲得亞洲語(yǔ)言文化博士學(xué)位。他曾任中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院哲學(xué)研究所助理研究員，密西根大學(xué)講師，普林斯頓大學(xué)講師，現(xiàn)為克萊姆森大學(xué)漢學(xué)和哲學(xué)教授。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">?題圖為安教授翻譯的專著《尼采傳》（Friedrich Nietzsche），該書作者：[丹] 格奧爾格·勃蘭兌斯 (Georg Brandes)，由譯林出版社出版（ISBN：漢英對(duì)照雙語(yǔ)版，978-7-5447-8570-9）。該著作主要包括勃蘭兌斯撰寫的尼采介紹性論文以及兩人 1887-1889 年間的通信。 這本書被評(píng)價(jià)為較早向世人介紹尼采思想的重要著作之一。</span></p> <p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">弗里德里?！ねつ岵墒侵牡聡?guó)哲學(xué)家、思想家，他的至理名言：“但凡不能殺死你的，最終都會(huì)使你更強(qiáng)大”、“當(dāng)你凝視深淵時(shí)，深淵也在凝視著你”廣為流傳。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">?安教授在幾十年的哲學(xué)教育以及研究中，曾翻譯、寫作過(guò)不少關(guān)于尼采的論述。為本次講座，安教授在提供預(yù)習(xí)資料的基礎(chǔ)上，擬定的討論大綱為： </span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">1. 上帝死了；我們是殺死他的劊子手。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">2. 上帝之死的后果，或?yàn)槭裁瓷系壑朗且患笫隆?lt;/span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">3. 重估一切價(jià)值或權(quán)力意志。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">4. 永久輪回和超人。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">5. 尼采的神秘主義和美妙的文字。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">?講座當(dāng)天，我們20位77級(jí)同學(xué)相聚在圖書館，在安教授的指導(dǎo)下，一起領(lǐng)略這位哲人的偉大智慧。</span></p> <p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">安教授的備課手稿之一</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:20px;">安教授提供的預(yù)習(xí)資料之一</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">?尼采《快樂(lè)的知識(shí)》第三卷，第125頁(yè)</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">——你們可曾聽說(shuō)過(guò)那個(gè)瘋子？在燦爛的清晨，他點(diǎn)起一盞燈籠，在集市上奔跑，不停地喊叫：“我在尋找上帝！我在尋找上帝！”當(dāng)時(shí)，正好有許多不信上帝的人站在一起，于是引起了一陣哄笑。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">“他是迷路了嗎？”一個(gè)人問(wèn)。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">“像孩子一樣走丟了？”另一個(gè)人問(wèn)。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">“還是他在躲藏？”</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">“他怕我們嗎？”</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">“他出海了？”</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">“移民了？”</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">——他們就這樣你一句我一句地喊著、笑著，彼此打斷。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">瘋子突然跳到他們中間，用目光刺穿了他們。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">“上帝在哪里？”他喊道，“我來(lái)告訴你們！我們殺死了他——你和我！我們都是他的殺人者。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">可是我們是怎么做到的？我們?cè)趺茨馨汛蠛：雀?？是誰(shuí)給了我們海綿，擦掉整個(gè)地平線？當(dāng)我們把大地從它的太陽(yáng)上解開鎖鏈時(shí)，我們?cè)谧鍪裁矗楷F(xiàn)在它要往哪里去？我們又要往哪里去？遠(yuǎn)離所有的太陽(yáng)嗎？</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">我們不是在不斷墜落嗎？向后、向旁、向前，向各個(gè)方向？</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">還有所謂的上和下嗎？</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">我們不是仿佛在無(wú)窮的虛無(wú)中迷失方向嗎？</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">空無(wú)不是在向我們吹氣嗎？</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">不是變得更冷了嗎？</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">夜晚不是一再降臨，而且越來(lái)越深嗎？</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">早晨難道不也必須點(diǎn)起燈籠嗎？</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">我們難道還聽不到正在埋葬上帝的掘墓人的聲音嗎？</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">我們難道還聞不到神性的腐敗氣味嗎？</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">——神也會(huì)腐爛！</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">上帝死了！上帝仍然死著！而且是我們殺了他！</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">我們?cè)撊绾伟参孔约?，這些殺人者中的殺人者？世界上曾經(jīng)擁有過(guò)的最神圣、最強(qiáng)大的東西，在我們的刀下流血而死：誰(shuí)來(lái)替我們拭去這血跡？用什么水才能把我們洗凈？</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">我們要為自己發(fā)明怎樣的贖罪節(jié)日、怎樣的神圣游戲？</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">這件行為的偉大，是否超過(guò)了我們自身？</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">難道我們不必須自己成為上帝，才能顯得配得上這一行為嗎？”</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">說(shuō)到這里，瘋子沉默了，又一次望向他的聽眾；他們同樣沉默，困惑地看著他。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">最后，他把燈籠扔到地上，燈籠摔得粉碎，熄滅了。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">“我來(lái)得太早了，”他說(shuō)，“我的時(shí)代還沒(méi)到。這一巨大的事件仍在路上，還在游蕩；它尚未傳到人們的耳朵里。閃電和雷鳴需要時(shí)間，星光需要時(shí)間；行為，即便已經(jīng)完成，也需要時(shí)間才能被看見、被聽見。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">這一行為對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，比最遙遠(yuǎn)的星辰還要遙遠(yuǎn)——然而，他們卻親手完成了它！”</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">據(jù)說(shuō)，同一天，瘋子還闖入了好幾座教堂，在那里唱起了他的 requiem aeternam deo（“賜上帝以永恒的安息／生命”）。當(dāng)他被人帶走、被追問(wèn)時(shí)，他始終只回答一句話：</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">“那么，這些教堂如今算什么呢？如果不是上帝的墳?zāi)?。?lt;/span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">原文：</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">Gay Science Bk III, 125</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">The madman. - Haven't you heard of that madman who in the bright morning lit a lantern and ran around the marketplace crying incessantly, 'I'm looking for God! l'm looking for God!' Since many of those who did not believe in God were standing around together just then, he caused great laughter. Has he been lost, then? asked one. Did he lose his way like a child? asked another. Or is he hiding? Is he afraid of us? Has he gone to sea? Emigrated? - Thus they shouted and laughed, one interrupting the other. </span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">The madman jumped into their midst and pierced them with his eyes. 'Where is God?' he cried; 'I'll tell you! We have killed him - you and I! We are all his murderers. But how did wc do this? How were wc able to drink up the sea? Who gave us the sponge to wipe away the entire horizon? What were we doing when weunchained this earth from its sun? Where is it moving to now? Where are we moving to? Away from all suns? Are we not continually falling? And backwards, sidewards, forwards, in all directions? Is there still an up and a down? Aren't we straying as though through an infinite nothing? Isn't empty space breathing at us? Hasn't it got colder? Isn't night and more night coming again and again? Don't lanterns have to be lit in the morning? Do we still hear nothing of the noise of the grave-diggers who are burying God? Do we still smell nothing of the divine decomposition? - Gods, too, decompose! God is dead! God remains dead! And we have killed him! How can wc console ourselves, the murderers of all murderers l The holiest and the mightiest thing the world has ever possessed has bled to death under our knives: who will wipe this blood from us? With what water could we clean ourselves? What festivals of atonement, what holy games will we have to invent for ourselves? Is the magnitude of this deed not too great for us? Do wc not ourselves have to become gods merely to appear worthy of it?</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">Here the madman fell silent and looked again at his listeners; they too were silent and looked at him disconcertedly. Finally,he threw his lantern on the ground so that it broke into pieces and went out. 'I come too early', he then said; 'my time is not yet. This tremendous event is still on its way, wandering; it has not yet reached the ears of men. Lightning and thunder need time; the light of the stars needs time; deeds need time, even after they are done, in order to be seen and heard. This deed is still more remote to them than the remotest stars - and yet they have done it themselves!' </span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">It is still recounted how on the same day the madman forced his way into several churches and there started singing his requiem aeternam deo (grant God eternal life). Led out and called to account, he is said always to have replied nothing but, 'What then are these churches now if not the tombs of God?'</span></p> <p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">安教授的備課手稿之二</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:20px;">安教授提供的預(yù)習(xí)資料之二</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">?《權(quán)力意志》</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">2.</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">我所敘述的是接下來(lái)兩個(gè)世紀(jì)的歷史。我描述的是即將到來(lái)的東西，是不可能以其他方式到來(lái)的東西：虛無(wú)主義的來(lái)臨。這段歷史即使在當(dāng)下也已經(jīng)可以講述，因?yàn)楸厝恍员旧碚诖似鹱饔?。這個(gè)未來(lái)如今已通過(guò)上百種征兆在發(fā)聲，這一命運(yùn)到處在宣告自身；為了這“未來(lái)的音樂(lè)”，一切耳朵如今都已豎起。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間以來(lái)，我們整個(gè)歐洲文化一直在向一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難推進(jìn)，帶著一種從十年到十年不斷加劇的、受折磨般的緊張狀態(tài)：不安、暴烈、俯沖而下，仿佛一條急于抵達(dá)終點(diǎn)的河流，不再映照自身，甚至害怕去映照自身。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">29.</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">自我麻醉的諸種方式。其深層原因：不知道將去向何方?？仗?。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">試圖通過(guò)陶醉來(lái)克服它：作為音樂(lè)的陶醉；作為殘酷的陶醉——在悲劇性地享受對(duì)最崇高之物的毀滅之中；作為對(duì)個(gè)別人物或時(shí)代的盲目狂熱（例如仇恨等）。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">——試圖盲目地作為科學(xué)的工具而工作：向許多微小的享受敞開眼睛；例如在求知之中亦然（對(duì)自身的謙抑）；對(duì)把自己概括化的屈從，一種激情；神秘主義，對(duì)永恒空無(wú)的感官性享受；“為藝術(shù)而藝術(shù)”（le fait）以及“純粹知識(shí)”，作為對(duì)自身厭惡的麻醉狀態(tài)；某種持續(xù)不斷的工作，或某種愚蠢的小狂熱；</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">原文：</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">Will to Power</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">2.</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">What I relate is the history of the next two centuries. I describe what is coming, what can no longer come differently: the advent of nihilism. This history can be related even now; for necessity itself is at work here. This future speaks even now in a hundred signs, this destiny announces itself everywhere; for this music of the future all ears are cocked even now. For some time now, our whole European culture has been moving as toward a catastrophe, with a tortured tension that is growing from decade to decade: restlessly, violently, headlong, like a river that wants to reach the end, that no longer reflects, that is afraid to reflect.</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">29.</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">The ways of self-narcotization. Deep down: not knowing whither. Emptiness. Attempt to get over it by intoxication: intoxication as music; intoxication as cruelty in the tragic enjoyment of the destruction of the noblest; intoxication as blind enthusiasm for single human beings or ages (as hatred, etc.).— Attempt to work blindly as an instrument of science: opening one’s eyes to the many small enjoyments; e.g., also in the quest of knowledge (modesty toward oneself); resignation to generalizing about oneself, a pathos; mysticism, the voluptuous enjoyment of eternal emptiness; art “for its own sake” ("le fait") and “pure knowledge” as narcotic states of disgust with oneself; some kind or other of continual work, or of some stupid little fanaticism;</span></p> <p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">安教授的備課手稿之三</span></p> <p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">講座之前，未按我們通常的講座形式，安教授指揮大家把桌椅圍合起來(lái)，這種圓桌交談的形式拉攏了大家的距離，使交流更加順暢，溝通更為方便。</span></p> <p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">講座錄像視頻從這里開始：</span></p> <p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">由于“美篇”視頻最多100分鐘限制，我們把約兩小時(shí)的講座內(nèi)容分為上下兩集。請(qǐng)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)《尼采的現(xiàn)代意義》講座下集。</span></p>